Machine learning methods:

What’s the right algorithm for the task? visual primer shows the most common ones in use and the business problems they solve.
which machine learning algorithm should you use lot depends on the characteristics and the amount of the available data as well as your training goals in each particular unless the end justifies more expensive means and resources here are some of the more common algorithms ranked by ease of use

http://usblogs.pwc.com/emerging-technology/machine-learning-methods-infographic/